Prognostic impact of conservative surgery for pancreatic IPMNs

BackgroundThe extent of pancreatic resection for intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) remains an unresolved issue. The study aims at analyzing the prognostic impact of conservative surgery (CS) i.e. of pancreatoduodenectomy or distal pancreatectomy, versus total pancreatectomy (TP), for pancreatic IPMNs.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed and compared data of patients who had undergone pancreatic resection for IPMNs at our center between November 2007 and April 2019. Patients were divided into two main groups based on the extent of surgery: TP-group and CS-group. Subsequently, the perioperative and the long-term outcomes were compared. Moreover, a sub-group analysis of patients with IPMN alone and patients with malignant IPMN, based on preoperative indications to surgery and post-operative histopathological findings, was also performed.ResultsFifty-three patients were included in the TP-group and 73 in the CS-group. In 50 (39.7%) cases the frozen section changed the pre-operative surgical planning, with an extension of the pancreatic resection, in 43 (34.1%) cases up to a total pancreatectomy. Twenty-six patients (20.6%) with low-grade dysplasia at the frozen section underwent CS, while twenty (15.8%) underwent TP. Comparing these two sub-groups no differences were found in surgical IPMN recurrence, nor progression. The rate of overall postoperative complications was 56.6% in the TP-group and 57.5% in the CS-group (p = 0.940). Fifteen patients (20.5%) developed diabetes in the CS-group.None of the patients treated with CS developed a surgical IPMN recurrence or progression during the follow-up period. Comparing OS and DFS of the two groups, we did not find any statistically significant difference (p = 0.619 and 0.315).ConclusionA timely CS can be considered an appropriate and valid strategy in the surgical treatment of the majority of pancreatic IPMNs, as it can avoid the serious long-term metabolic consequences of TP in patients with a long-life expectancy. On the contrary, TP remains mandatory in case of PDAC or high-risk features involving the entire gland.     

基于风险识别的群组管理对冠状动脉CT血管成像检查依从性及图像质量的影响

目的探究基于风险识别的群组管理对冠状动脉CT血管成像(CTA)检查依从性及图像质量的影响。方法选取2019年1—12月收治的冠心病、均至少接受1次64层CT冠状动脉血管检查患者114例为研究对象,按照两组患者一般资料均衡可比的原则分为观察组和对照组,每组57例。采用问卷调查与量表评估形式,比较两组患者检查依从性及图像质量。结果观察组检查依从性明显优于对照组;观察组检查图像质量优良率高于对照组;观察组平均检查耗时低于对照组,碘对比剂外渗率低于对照组;差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论基于风险识别的群组管理运用于冠状动脉CTA患者检查过程中,可提高患者检查依从性,提升图像质量,值得临床参考借鉴。     

我国部分三级综合医院护理质量管理组织架构调查与分析

目的调查我国三级综合医院护理质量管理组织架构。方法对全国85所医院相关护理人员进行问卷调查,并采用半结构式访谈法对其中11所医院护理质量管理专家进行访谈。结果90.6%的医院护理质量管理采用三级管理;85所医院均设有护理质量管理委员会,其中9.4%的委员会中缺少护士长参与,54.1%的护理质量管理委员会由护理队伍独立组成;访谈资料归纳出3个主题为;护理质量管理组织架构和运行方式较成熟,但仍需改进;希望多部门共同参与护理质量管理以及对目前护理质量管理组织架构的建议。结论建议优化护理质量管理三级模式和运行方式,建立多部门合作机制.鼓励护士长参与质量控制,并根据医院自身实际调整护理质量管理架构,以促进护理质量持续改进。     

信息化平台在助产质量敏感指标中的应用

目的 建立助产质量敏感指标的信息化管理系统，并探讨其临床应用效果。方法 根据现有的助产质量指标，设计信息化管理系统，通过数据筛选-整合分析-持续改进-评价效果等环节，进行助产质量指标的监测及应用效果评价。结果 改进后质控结果汇总时长、图表生成时长、结果反馈时长均显著减少（P＜0.001），质控人员满意度提高（P＜0.01），助产质量敏感指标在进行持续改进的基础上有所改善（P <0.05或P <0.01）。 结论 助产质量指标的信息化管理系统建设和应用有效提高产房护理质量管理效率，有利于促进助产质量持续改进。     

情景模拟健康教育在晚期肺癌患者癌痛管理中的应用

目的 探讨情景模拟健康教育在晚期肺癌患者癌痛管理中的应用效果，旨在提高晚期肺癌患者提高癌痛应对和管理能力。方法 采用便利抽样法，选取2019年5月-2020年5月在同济大学附属上海市肺科医院肿瘤科住院的晚期肺癌患者60例为研究对象，按其住院时间先后顺序分为对照组（n=30）和观察组（n=30）。对照组患者给予肺癌常规护理及健康教育，观察组在其基础上给予情景模拟健康教育干预，主要围绕正确认识癌痛、癌痛自我评估、癌痛应对、躯体功能应对和负性心理情绪调试等展开。分别于患者入院第1天及第7天评估患者疼痛管理效能及情绪状况。结果 入院第1天，两组患者慢性疼痛自我效能感量表和中文版简式-简明心境问卷得分组间比较，差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05），入院第7天，组间比较有统计学差异（P＜0.05）。结论 情景模拟健康教育可有效提高晚期肺癌患者疼痛管理自我效能，改善患者负性心理情绪，进而提高其生活质量，值得临床进一步应用和推广。     

专人专职管理在卡介苗接种中的应用

【目的】探讨专人专职管理卡介苗( Bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccine,BCG)预防接种的实施效果。【方法】选取2014～2017年在上海市国际和平妇幼保健院出生的新生儿为研究组,2010～2013年出生的新生儿为对照组。通过疑似预防接种异常反应信息管理系统,收集2010～2017年报告的卡介苗预防接种异常反应( adverse events following immunization,AEFI)个案数据,比较专人专职管理前后两组新生儿在卡介苗使用情况及发生BCG AEFI之间的差异。【结果】研究组BCG的AEFI报告发生率、拒种率均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(p<0.05)。BCG的AEFI分类中直径>1.0cm淋巴结炎最常见,研究组报告发生率为31.31/100万剂,低于对照组205.35/100万剂,差异有统计学意义(p<0.05)。【结论】通过专人专职管理可规范卡介苗的接种,降低AEFI的发生率和拒种率,利于临床推广。     

风险管理在预防PICC相关性静脉血栓中的临床观察

目的：探讨风险管理对降低PICC相关性血栓的应用效果。方法：选取2012年1月-2014年12月PICC置管患者291例作为对照组。2015年1月-2017年12月PICC置管患者568例作为干预组。对照组给予常规护理措施,干预组在此基础上给予风险管理,比较2组在深静脉血栓发生情况。结果：干预组PICC相关性静脉血栓的发生率为0.53 %,对照组血栓发生率为2.06%,差异有显著性( P=0.037),对照组中有1位肺癌患者因血栓而耽误治疗,最终死亡。干预组中3例血栓经积极治疗血栓完全溶解,无相关其他并发症的发生。结论：护理风险管理能够有效预防或降低PICC导管相关性静脉血栓的发生 ,值得临床推广应用。     

La prise en charge du sujet âgé dépressif en thérapies cognitivo-comportementales : aspects pratiques et spécificités

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has been shown to be an effective approach for a wide range of psychological problems affecting older adults. A variety of empirical and clinical papers have examined modifications to the content and delivery of CBT to enhance its efficacy with older adults. But when mental health problems do occur in the elderly, these problems are often overlooked. Thus, only a fraction of elderly persons with psychological distress receive effective treatment despite evidence that interventions can be effective for the elderly. It is important to be aware of mental health symptoms, particularly depression, and to be knowledgeable about the various treatment options available and effective for adults in later stages of life. Depression is significant problem among the elderly. Due to complexities in the medical management of elderly patients, researchers and clinicians have sought psychosocial alternatives to pharmacotherapy in order to treat depression in the elderly. Cognitive-behavioral therapy in particular has been investigated as a promising treatment. Research conducted to date has established that cognitive-behavioral therapy produces significant improvement in depression symptoms among the elderly. Issues around optimizing the structure of CBT with older adults are presented, along with suggestions for realizing these changes within a clinical context.